Differential gear, in automotive mechanics, gear arrangement that allows power from the engine to be transmitted to a set of generating wheels, dividing the force equally between them but permitting them to follow paths of different lengths, as when turning a corner or traversing an uneven road. On a straight road the tires rotate at the same rate; when turning a corner the outside wheel offers farther to proceed and can turn faster compared to the inner wheel if unrestrained.

The components of the Ever-Power differential are demonstrated in the Figure. The energy from the transmission is sent to the bevel ring gear by the drive-shaft pinion, both which are held in bearings in the rear-axle casing. The case can be an open Differential Gear boxlike framework that’s bolted to the band gear possesses bearings to support a couple of pairs of diametrically reverse differential bevel pinions. Each wheel axle is mounted on a differential side gear, which meshes with the differential pinions. On a directly road the tires and the medial side gears rotate at the same swiftness, there is no relative motion between your differential part gears and pinions, and they all rotate as a device with the case and band gear. If the vehicle turns left, the right-hand steering wheel will be forced to rotate faster than the left-hand steering wheel, and the medial side gears and the pinions will rotate in accordance with one another. The ring equipment rotates at a rate that is add up to the mean quickness of the remaining and correct wheels. If the tires are jacked up with the transmitting in neutral and one of the tires is turned, the contrary wheel will submit the opposite direction at the same speed.

The torque (turning minute) transmitted to both wheels with the Ever-Power differential may be the same. Consequently, if one wheel slips, as in ice or mud, the torque to the other wheel is decreased. This disadvantage could be overcome somewhat by the use of a limited-slip differential. In one edition a clutch connects one of the axles and the band gear. When one steering wheel encounters low traction, its tendency to spin is usually resisted by the clutch, thus providing better torque for the additional wheel.
OPEN DIFFERENTIAL:
A differential in its most elementary form comprises two halves of an axle with a equipment on each end, linked with each other by a third gear making up three sides of a square. This is generally supplemented by a fourth gear for added power, completing the square.