Single-Phase Induction Motors
The single-phase motor operates under the same principle as the polyphase motor, except that the rotating magnetic field effect produced by the stator will not exist until running rpm is reached. Since no beginning torque is obtainable, a design mechanism is included to start the motor. They are the various sprockets designations:

Torque-Speed Curves of Different Single-Phase Induction Motors

Shaded-pole: Have only one main winding and no start winding. This configuration causes a shift of the applied magnetic field in relationship to the rotor, creating stating torque. Applications consist of supporters and small appliances.

Split-Phase (induction start motor)
Has two units of stator windings. The “start” windings sit 90 degrees to the “run” windings and shift the magnetic field of the stator, inducing beginning torque. Applications include small grinders, small enthusiasts, and blowers.

Capacitor-Start
The most common single-phase motor found in industrial applications. It is a modified split-phase engine with a capacitor in series with the start winding to supply a start boost. Software include small conveyors, large blowers, pumps, and direct-drives.

Permanent-Split-Capacitor (PSC)
Uses identical primary and auxiliary windings with a capacitor to supply starting torque. They will be the most reliable single-phase motor because no centrifugal starting switch is necessary. Applications include enthusiasts and pumps in HVAC and refrigeration industries.